So I've been doing some research and it seems that archery was probably developed in Africa in the stone age, but the earliest known archers were the ancient egyptians. The picture shows a rock fresco from Tassili depicting an egyptian archer. It dates from about 7,500BC.
They originally used bows made from rams horns, but by the dynastic times had developed bows made entirely from wood, with animal sinews for the string. It was replaced by the simpler "Self Bow" in the Old Kingdom. This was one long piece of wood, slightly curved at both ends. It was easier to maintain, but required much more effort to draw than the recurve bow used by some other nations, whose second curve doubled the power of the shot. This bow was used right through to the end of the new kingdom, even though by then they had developed compound bows by that stage.
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